Healthcare Cybersecurity

Critical ‘Misfortune Cookie’ Flaw Identified in Qualcomm Life Capsule Datacaptor Terminal Server

Posted August 30, 2018 by HIPAA Journal

A code weakness in Qualcomm Life’s Capsule Datacaptor Terminal Server (DTS) has been discovered. The flaw could be remotely exploited allowing an attacker to obtain administrator level privileges and remotely execute code.

The Qualcomm Life Capsule’s Datacaptor Terminal Server is a medical gateway device used by many U.S. hospitals to network their medical devices. The Datacaptor Terminal Server is used to connect respirators, bedside monitors, infusion pumps and other medical devices to the network. The Datacaptor Terminal Server has a web management interface which allows it to be operated and configured remotely.

The flaw affects the Allegro RomPager embedded webserver (versions 4.01 through 4.34) which is included in all versions of Capsule DTS. The flaw could be exploited by an attacker by sending a specially crafted HTTP cookie to the web management portal, allowing arbitrary data to be written to the devices’ memory, ultimately permitting remote code execution. The exploit would require little skill to perform and requires no authentication. If exploited, availability of the device could be harmed, as well as causing disruption to the network connectivity of all medical devices networked through the device.

The vulnerability, tracked as CVE-2014-9222, is classed as critical and has been assigned a CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 out of 10.

While the vulnerability in Qualcomm Life’s Capsule Datacaptor Terminal Server has only just been discovered, it dates back more than four years. The vulnerability, known as Misfortune Cookie, was identified by Checkpoint researchers in 2014, and by Allegro nine years ago. While Allegro addressed the flaw in version 4.34 of its firmware, that version was not adopted by many chipset manufacturers who continued to supply software development kits containing the vulnerable version of the firmware.

The vulnerability was recently discovered to affect the Qualcomm Life Capsule DTS by Elad Luz, Head of Research at CyberMDX, who notified Qualcomm Life allowing an update to be issued to correct the flaw prior to public disclosure. Luz also recently identified a critical flaw in certain BD Alaris Plus medical syringe pumps.

Qualcomm Life has issued a firmware upgrade for the Single Board version of DTS which can be downloaded from the customer portal of Capsule and applied to the device using standard patching processes. Unfortunately, due to technical limitations, it is not possible for the patch to be applied to other versions of DTS including Dual Board, Capsule Digi Connect ES, and Capsule Digi Connect ES converted to DTS.

To address the flaw in those versions, Capsule recommends disabling the embedded webserver. Since the embedded webserver is only required for initial configuration, and not for continued use of the device, disabling the webserver will not adversely affect functionality of the device.

“Uncovering these vulnerabilities illustrates how responsible disclosure between cybersecurity researchers and medical device vendors can work when both sides are committed to improving patient safety,” said Luz.

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Critical Flaw Identified in BD Alaris Plus Medical Syringe Pumps

Posted August 28, 2018 by HIPAA Journal

A critical remotely exploitable flaw has been detected in BD Alaris Plus medical syringe pumps. The flaw would enable a threat actor to gain access to an affected medical syringe pump when it is connected to a terminal server via the serial port. If the flaw is exploited a threat actor could alter the intended function of the pump.

The flaw is an improper authentication vulnerability. The software fails to perform authentication for functionality that requires a provable user identity.

The flaw was identified by Elad Luz of CyberMDX who notified Becton, Dickinson and Company (BD), which in turn voluntarily reported the vulnerability to the National Cybersecurity & Communications Integration Center and the Industrial Control Systems Cyber Emergency Response Team (ICS-CERT). The latter issued an advisory about the vulnerability on August 23, 2018.

The vulnerability affects version 2.3.6 of Alaris Plus medical syringe pumps and prior versions, specifically the Alaris GS, Alaris GH, Alaris CC, and Alaris TIVA products. The vulnerability has been assigned a CVSS v3 score of 9.4 out of 10 and is being tracked as CVE-2018-147.

BD has explained that the vulnerability does not affect any products that are sold in the United States. All current versions of Alaris Plus pumps do not have the vulnerability. Vulnerable devices were previously sold in the European Union.

The vulnerability cannot be exploited while the device is connected to the Alaris Gateway Workstation docking station as the remote-control feature is disabled when the device is connected to the docking station.

If the device is not switched on it cannot be turned on remotely. BD also notes that were the flaw to be exploited access to PII or PHI could not be gained.

BD has explained that an attack utilizes a known vulnerability in terminal servers. Use of the device with terminal servers is not supported. To reduce the potential for the flaw to be exploited, all users have been advised to operate the affected pumps as stand-alone devices or alternatively they should be used in a segmented network environment.

The ICS-CERT advisory claims the vulnerability would only require a low level of skill to exploit, although according to BD, “To execute this attack one would need to ensure the affected device is connected to a terminal server via the serial port, have an understanding of the device communication protocol, have access to specific driver software to implement the pump protocol communication and the ability to penetrate a customer network and gain unauthorized access to terminal server devices.”

Because of the sequence of events required to exploit the vulnerability, BD said “the probability of an unauthorized breach in network security that impacts the delivery of a patient’s IV infusion is negligible.”

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July 2018 Healthcare Data Breach Report

Posted August 24, 2018 by HIPAA Journal

July 2018 was the worst month of 2018 for healthcare data breaches by a considerable distance. There were 33 breaches reported in July – the same number of breaches as in June – although 543.6% more records were exposed in July than the previous month.

The breaches reported in July 2018 impacted 2,292,552 patients and health plan members, which is 202,859 more records than were exposed in April, May, and July combined.

A Bad Year for Patient Privacy

So far in 2018 there have been 221 data breaches of more than 500 records reported to the Department of Health and Human Services’ Office for Civil Rights. Those breaches have resulted in the protected health information of 6,112,867 individuals being exposed, stolen, or impermissibly disclosed.

To put that figure into perspective, it is 974,688 more records than were exposed in healthcare data breaches in all of 2017 and there are still five months left of 2018.

Largest Healthcare Data Breaches of 2018 (Jan-July)

Entity Name	Entity Type	Records Exposed	Breach Type
UnityPoint Health	Business Associate	1,421,107	Hacking/IT Incident
CA Department of Developmental Services	Health Plan	582,174	Theft
MSK Group	Healthcare Provider	566,236	Hacking/IT Incident
LifeBridge Health, Inc	Healthcare Provider	538,127	Hacking/IT Incident
SSM Health St. Mary’s Hospital – Jefferson City	Healthcare Provider	301,000	Improper Disposal
Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences	Healthcare Provider	279,865	Hacking/IT Incident
Med Associates, Inc.	Business Associate	276,057	Hacking/IT Incident
MedEvolve	Business Associate	205,434	Unauthorized Access/Disclosure
St. Peter’s Surgery & Endoscopy Center	Healthcare Provider	134,512	Hacking/IT Incident
Boys Town National Research Hospital	Healthcare Provider	105,309	Hacking/IT Incident

Causes of Healthcare Data Breaches in July 2018

Unauthorized accessing of PHI by employees and impermissible disclosures of PHI are commonplace in healthcare, although in July there was a major reduction in these types of breaches, falling by 46.6% from July. There was also a significant drop in the number of incidents involving the loss or theft of unencrypted electronic devices and physical PHI, which fell 50% month over month.

Hacking incidents, ransomware attacks and other IT incidents such as malware infections and phishing attacks significantly increased in July. There were 66.7% more hacking/IT incidents than June. Hacking/IT incidents also resulted in the exposure of more healthcare records than all other types of breaches combined.

7 of the top 15 data breaches (46.7%) in July were phishing attacks, two were ransomware attacks, three were failures to secure electronic PHI and two were improper disposal incidents involving physical PHI. The improper disposal incidents were the second biggest cause of exposed PHI, largely due to the 301,000-record breach at SSM Health. In that breach, physical records were left behind when St. Mary’s Hospital moved to a new location.

In July, more healthcare records were exposed through phishing attacks than any other breach cause. The phishing incidents resulted in the exposure and possible theft of than 1.6 million healthcare records.

Largest Healthcare Data Breaches in July 2018

In July, there were 12 healthcare data breaches of more than 10,000 records and four breaches impacted more than 100,000 individuals. There were 14 breaches of between 1,000 and 9,999 records and 7 breaches of between 500 and 999 records. Four of the ten largest healthcare data breaches of 2018 were reported in July.

The largest healthcare data breach of July, and the largest breach of 2018 to date, was a phishing attack on Iowa Health System doing business as UnityPoint Health.

The threat actor responsible for the UnityPoint Health phishing attack spoofed an executive’s email account and sent messages to UnityPoint Health employees. Several members of staff were fooled by the emails and disclosed their login credentials giving the attacker access to their email accounts. Those email accounts contained the protected health information of more than 1.4 million patients.

Four of the ten largest healthcare data breaches of 2018 were reported in July.

Entity Name	Entity Type	Records Exposed	Breach Type
UnityPoint Health	Business Associate	1,421,107	Hacking/IT Incident
SSM Health St. Mary’s Hospital – Jefferson City	Healthcare Provider	301,000	Improper Disposal
MedEvolve	Business Associate	205,434	Unauthorized Access/Disclosure
Boys Town National Research Hospital	Healthcare Provider	105,309	Hacking/IT Incident
Blue Springs Family Care, P.C.	Healthcare Provider	44,979	Hacking/IT Incident
Golden Heart Administrative Professionals	Business Associate	44,600	Hacking/IT Incident
Confluence Health	Healthcare Provider	33,821	Hacking/IT Incident
NorthStar Anesthesia	Healthcare Provider	19,807	Hacking/IT Incident
Orlando Orthopaedic Center	Healthcare Provider	19,101	Unauthorized Access/Disclosure
New England Dermatology, P.C.	Healthcare Provider	16,154	Improper Disposal
MedSpring of Texas, PA	Healthcare Provider	13,034	Hacking/IT Incident
Longwood Orthopedic Associates, Inc.	Healthcare Provider	10,000	Unauthorized Access/Disclosure

Location of Breached PHI

Unsurprisingly, given the high number of successful phishing attacks in July, email-related breached dominated the breach reports and was the main location of breached PHI, as has been the case in March, April, May and June. There were seven network server breaches in July, which were a combination of ransomware attacks, accidental removal of security protections, malware infections, and hacking incidents.

Data Breaches by Covered Entity Type

Healthcare providers were hit the hardest in July with 28 breaches reported by providers. Only two health plans reported data breaches in July. Three business associates reported breaches, although nine reported data breaches had at least some business associate involvement.

Healthcare Data Breaches by State

Healthcare organizations based in 22 states reported data breaches in July. California usually tops the list for the most data breaches each month due to the number of healthcare organizations based in the state, although in July it was Florida and Massachusetts than had the most breaches with three apiece.

Alaska, Missouri, New York, Pennsylvania, Texas, Virginia, and Washington each had two breaches reported, and there was one breach reported in each of Arkansas, California, Colorado, Idaho, Indiana, Illinois, Maryland, Michigan, Montana, Nebraska, New Jersey, New Mexico, and Tennessee.

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Warnings Issued About Vulnerabilities in Philips PageWriter Cardiographs and IntelliVue Information Center iX

Posted August 23, 2018 by HIPAA Journal

Over the past few months, several vulnerabilities have been discovered in Philips medical devices, software and systems.

This week, two further advisories have been issued by the Industrial Control Systems Cyber Emergency Team (ICS-CERT) about vulnerabilities the firm’s real-time central monitoring system, Philips IntelliVue Information Center iX, and its PageWriter cardiographs. All three of the vulnerabilities are classed as medium risk with CVSS v3 base scores ranging between 5.7 and 6.1.

CVE-1999-0103 is a denial of service vulnerability that affects the Philips IntelliVue Information Center iX version B.02. The flaw was discovered by a user of the system and was reported to Philips, which in turn reported the vulnerability to the National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center’s (NCCIC).

The vulnerability can be exploited remotely and does not require a high level of skill. If multiple initial UDP requests are made, it could compromise the availability of the device by causing the operating system to become unresponsive. The vulnerability has been assigned a CVSS v3 base score of 5.7.

Philips has already put mitigations in place to reduce the potential for the vulnerability to be exploited. All PIIC iX B.02 users have been advised to read the labelling, instructions for use, and service guides, which detail compensating controls. A patch will be released to correct the vulnerability by the end of September 2018.

Two vulnerabilities have been identified by Philips affecting its PageWriter TC10, TC20, TC30, TC50, TC70 Cardiographs. The flaws are present in all versions prior to May 2018.

CVE-2018-14799 is an improper input validation vulnerability. The devices do not properly sanitize data entered by users, which could result in the triggering of a buffer overflow condition. If exploited, a threat actor could access and modify device settings. The vulnerability has been assigned a CVSS v3 base score of 5.9.

CVE-2018-1480 concerns the use of hard-coded credentials. To exploit this vulnerability an attacker would need physical access to the device and would require the superuser password. With the password and physical access it would be possible to change all settings on the device and reset all existing passwords. The vulnerability has been assigned a CVSS v3 base score of 6.1.

The PageWriter vulnerabilities will be addressed by Philips via a new release, but that will not be available until the middle of 2019.

Philips notes that the WinCE5 operating system on the PageWriter TC20, TC30, TC50 and TC70 is now obsolete and is no longer supported. TC50 and TC70 can be updated to WinCE7, which users can download from InCenter.

However, TC20 and TC30 do not support WinCE7 so customers have been advised to upgrade to TC50 if they are concerned about the obsolete operating system, otherwise Philips will be issuing an update for the TC20 to a supported operating system by the end of 2019.

In the meantime, Philips suggests defense in depth, physical security controls to prevent access to the devices, controlling access to system components to protect medical devices in the system, and the use of multi-factor authentication.

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Updates to Cofense Phishing Simulation Platform Add Even More Opportunities for Automation

Posted August 23, 2018 by HIPAA Journal

Cofense has announced that further updates have been made to its award-winning phishing email simulation platform, Cofense PhishMe. The updates provide even greater opportunities for automating phishing simulation campaigns to save administrators even more time.

Security awareness and anti-phishing training is now an important part of healthcare organizations’ cybersecurity programs. In addition to investing in technology to block phishing and other email-based threats, end users require training. Even layered defenses will not stop all phishing threats from reaching inboxes. Without training, end users will remain the weakest link in the security chain.

Phishing simulation exercises are an important part of the training process. They allow security teams to assess how effective their training programs have been and identify weak points in the training program. They also allow security teams to identify individuals who have failed to understand certain parts of the training program.

While phishing simulation platforms include some opportunities for automation and scheduling, creating and running phishing simulations can still be a time-consuming process.

The latest updates to the Cofense PhishMe platform incorporate even more opportunities for automation. Whereas creating a program of 12 phishing scenarios and scheduling those campaigns over the course of a year would have taken an administrator about three hours to complete, the update shaves off 91% of that time. The same 12 campaigns can be created and scheduled in 15 minutes.

This has been achieved with the use of playbooks. The playbooks can be used to create, schedule, and launch phishing templates and schedule them over the course of a year. Additionally, administrators can automate the sending of reminders to end users based on the training programs they have competed – or not completed – saving even more time. The playbooks also incorporate the lessons learned from phishing simulation campaigns conducted by 400 of Fortune 1000 companies that have used the Cofense PhishMe platform.

“At Cofense we believe in automation as a way to relieve security operators of the repetitive tasks to allow them to focus on strategic, intelligent decision-making,” said Rohyt Belani, Co-founder and CEO of Cofense. “Playbooks are meant to allow both managed services providers and our end clients the ability to choose various programs just like one does on a treadmill in a gym, so they don’t need to focus on the metaphorical tasks of having to change speed and incline but can instead focus on designing and tracking the appropriate success criteria and presenting them appropriately to senior management.”

In addition to the Cofense PhishMe updates, the Leesburg, VA-based company has also recently launched its new phishing-specific Security Orchestration, Automation and Response (SOAR) platform, has incorporated board-level reporting, and has launched mobile Cofense Reporter and more accurate Microsoft attachment tracking. These updates and the continued high-level innovation have helped the company remain the market leader in phishing defense and attack disruption.

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Only 30% of Healthcare Organizations Have Taken Out Cybersecurity Insurance

Posted August 22, 2018 by HIPAA Journal

A recent survey conducted by Ovum on behalf of analytics firm FICO has revealed there has been a major increase in companies taking out cybersecurity insurance, but the healthcare industry has been slow on the uptake.

In 2017 when the survey was last conducted, 50% of U.S. firms reported that they had not taken out a cybersecurity insurance policy. That percentage has fallen to 24% in 2018. While many businesses see the value in paying insurance premiums to cover the cost of mitigating cyberattacks and data breaches, that does not appear to be the case for healthcare companies.

Only 30% of healthcare organizations have taken out cybersecurity insurance policies. 70% have no cybersecurity insurance cover whatsoever, even though the industry is targeted by hackers. The financial services industry, which is also heavily targeted by hackers, has been quick to take advantage of cybersecurity cover. Only 10% of surveyed financial firms had no coverage for cyberattacks.

The survey was conducted on 500 companies in 11 countries including the U.S., Canada, India, and the UK. The figures for the United States were the exact average across all surveyed countries, which is a major improvement on last year when U.S. companies ranked bottom out of all 11 countries for cybersecurity insurance uptake.

One of the main problems highlighted by the survey was unfair premiums which had not been accurately calculated based on the level of risk. Only a quarter of surveyed firms said their insurers had set premiums based on an accurate analysis of their company’s risk profile. A majority believed the premiums were calculated on industry averages, inaccurate analyses, or unknown factors.

The increased risk of cyberattacks and the litigation that usually follows has spurred many companies to take out policies, but in many cases the cover provided is not comprehensive cover. Only a third of U.S. companies (32%) said their policy covered all cybersecurity risks. Even though policies have been taken out, they may not pay out in the event of a breach.

“Given the number of large-scale and very public breaches in recent years, it’s not surprising that we’ve seen a big increase in US organizations investing in it over the past 12 months, but there’s still some way to go,” said Doug Clare, vice president for cybersecurity solutions at FICO. “As the insurance market matures and the litigation and fines increase we expect more firms will also go beyond basic coverage to seek insurance that is more comprehensive.”

However, that may not tell the whole story. Maxine Holt, research director at Ovum, suggested it may be a case of companies having a risk profile that that insurers are not prepared to cover comprehensively.

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Survey Reveals Lack of Anti-Phishing Measures at U.S. Businesses

Posted August 22, 2018 by HIPAA Journal

Phishing is now the number one cyber threat faced by businesses but in spite of a high risk of phishing attacks occurring, businesses have been slow to respond to the threat and implement cybersecurity solutions to reduce the risk of email-related data breaches.

A recent survey Valimail sponsored survey has shown that anti-phishing defenses are lacking at many U.S. businesses. The survey was conducted on 650 IT/IT security professionals by the Ponemon Institute. The companies had an average of 1,000 employees with average annual email security and fraud prevention budget of $2.5 million.

The high risk of email-based attacks was made abundantly clear. 79% of respondents said that they had experienced a data breach or cyberattack in the past 12 months that certainly or likely involved email, such as a business email compromise attack or a phishing incident.

80% of respondents said they were very concerned about their organization’s ability to prevent or reduce email-based attacks and 53% of respondents admitted that preventing phishing attacks was very difficult.

Even though the risk of attack is high and breaches have been experienced, only 29% of respondents said their organization had taken significant steps to tackle the threat from phishing and email impersonation attacks. More than one fifth of firms (21%) said they had taken no steps to reduce the risk of phishing attacks.

When asked about the anti-phishing defenses that had been implemented, 69% of respondents said they had implemented anti-spam or anti-phishing filters and 56% used secure email gateway technology. Only a third of respondents (34%) said they provide anti-phishing training for employees. Even fewer (29%) have implemented Domain-Based Message Authentication and Conformance (DMARC) and Sender Policy Framework (27%) to detect and prevent email impersonation attacks.

The high number of phishing attacks and data breaches appears to have spurred many businesses to make improvements to email security. In the next 12 months, 65% of respondents said their company will be investing in anti-spam filters, 63% will be using secure email gateway technology, 47% will be using SIEM technology, and 57% will be providing anti-phishing training to employees.

Only 35% will be adopting DMARC and 23% said they planned to implement SPF. Approximately two thirds of companies would consider implementing an automated DMARC enforcement solution if it could completely stop impersonation attacks that spoof email domains and block inbound email from unknown and untrustworthy senders.

39% of respondents said their company was not spending enough on email security to stop phishing and email impersonation attacks with budget constraints a major hurdle that must be overcome.

56% of respondents said that it would likely take a serious hacking incident to get a budget increase to pay for improvements to email security. 65% said that the board would likely be swayed by concern over the loss of customers due to a security incident and 47% said concern over loss of revenue due to a security incident could result in a budget increase.

When asked how much difference a 20% increase in their email security budget would make, respondents estimated it would improve the email threat detection rate by 45% and the phishing/impersonation attack prevention rate by 33%. Without sufficient investment in email security, costly email-related data breaches are likely to continue.

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Significant Vulnerabilities Identified in Maryland’s Medicaid Management Information System

Posted August 16, 2018 by HIPAA Journal

The Department of Health and Human Services’ Office of Inspector General (OIG) has published the findings of an audit of Maryland’s Medicaid system.

The audit was conducted as part of the HHS OIG’s efforts to oversee states’ use of various Federal programs and to determine whether appropriate security controls had been implemented to protect its Medicaid Management Information System (MMIS) and Medicaid data.

The audit consisted of interviews with staff members, a review of supporting documentation, and use of vulnerability scanning software on network devices, servers, websites, and databases that supported its MMIS.

The audit uncovered multiple system security weaknesses that could potentially be exploited by threat actors to gain access to Medicaid data and disrupt critical Medicaid operations. Collectively, and in some cases individually, the vulnerabilities were ‘significant’ and could have compromised the integrity of the state’s Medicaid program.

Details of the vulnerabilities uncovered by auditors were not disclosed publicly, although OIG did explain that the vulnerabilities were present due to the failure to implement sufficient controls over MMIS data and information systems. While the flaws were serious, OIG did not discover any evidence to suggest the flaws had previously been exploited.

OIG has recommended Maryland make several improvements to its Medicaid program to ensure its information systems and Medicaid data are appropriately secured to a standard that meets Federal requirements. Maryland concurred with all of the recommendations made by OIG and has submitted a plan that addresses all of the vulnerabilities that have not yet been corrected.

The audit was one of several conducted on various states over the past few months and the findings were similar to other state’s MMIS audits. While it is a concern that serious vulnerabilities exist, the audits ensure that vulnerabilities are identified and are addressed before they are exploited by threat actors, thus helping to prevent serious data breaches.

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ICS-CERT Warns of Vulnerabilities in Philips IntelliSpace Cardiovascular Products

Posted August 16, 2018 by HIPAA Journal

ICS-CERT has issued and advisory about two vulnerabilities that have been identified in Philips IntelliSpace Cardiovascular products, one of which has been given a high severity rating and could allow a threat actor to elevate privileges and gain full control of a vulnerable device.

The improper privilege management vulnerability (CVE-2018-14787) is present in IntelliSpace Cardiovascular cardiac image and information management software version 2.x and earlier releases and Xcelera V4.1 and earlier versions.

The vulnerability could not be exploited remotely. Local access is required, and an authenticated user would need to have write privileges. If exploited, privileges could be escalated and access gained to folders containing executables. Arbitrary code could be executed to give the attacker full control of the system. The vulnerability has been assigned a CVSS v3 severity score of 7.3.

An unquoted search path or element vulnerability (CVE-2018-14789) is present in IntelliSpace Cardiovascular Version 3.1 and earlier versions and Xcelera Version 4.1 and earlier versions. This flaw would allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code and escalate privileges. The vulnerability has been assigned a CVSS v3 severity score of 4.2 (medium).

Philips discovered the vulnerabilities and self-reported them to the National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center (NCCIC).

The improper privilege management vulnerability has been addressed in version 3.1 of IntelliSpace Cardiovascular software. Any user running IntelliSpace Cardiovascular version 2.x or prior versions or Xcelera V4.1 or prior versions should contact their Philips service support team to receive information on how they can upgrade to version 3.1.

Philips will be addressing the unquoted search path or element vulnerability in the next release of IntelliSpace Cardiovascular – V3.2 – which has been scheduled for release in October 2018. Until that point, interim mitigations can be implemented to reduce the potential for the vulnerability to be exploited. Philips suggests reviewing file permission policies and restricting available permissions where possible.

Several vulnerabilities have been identified in the IntelliSpace suite of products in recent months. In March 2018, ICS-CERT issued a warning about several vulnerabilities affecting all versions of iSite and IntelliSpace PACS, some of which were assigned a CVSS v3 severity score of 10 – The maximum score possible. If exploited the vulnerabilities could compromise patient confidentiality, system integrity, and/or system availability.

In February, ICS-CERT issued a warning about a slew of vulnerabilities in the IntelliSpace Portal that were assigned severity scores ranging from 3.1 to 8.1. In total, 35 vulnerabilities were detected, some of which could be exploited remotely and allowed remote code execution.

In January, a warning was issued about an insufficient session expiration vulnerability in IntelliSpace Cardiovascular that was assigned a CVSS v3 score of 6.7. Exploiting the vulnerability would require only a low skill level. If exploited, an attacker could gain access to sensitive patient information.

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